Ecthoterm and Endoterm Animals

Ecthoterm animal

Ecthoterm animals are animals that are very dependent on the temperature in the external environment to increase its body temperature due to the heat generated from  wholethesystemof metabolism only slightly.

Ecthoterm animals, namely all kinds of animals except aves and mammals, a group of animals whose body heat depending on the heat from the outside of the body, namely the environment. Power is owned by his set is very limited and its body temperature varies with the temperature of the environment. This causes poikilotherm animals have a low tolerance range, in the sense that this animal narrow niche subject. When the ambient temperature is high, beyond the tolerance limit, ecthoterm animals will die while when the ambient temperature is lower than the optimum temperature, activity was low and the animal becomes very slow, making it easy for predators to catch.

Power set in animals ecthoterm and not of physiological adaptation but rather in the form of behavioral adaptation. For example, moves to the shade when it gets too hot and the sun when the sun dipanas cold. Among the temperature is too low and a high terlau, ecthoterm animal metabolism rate increases as the temperature increases in an exponential relationship.

Examples of animals belonging ecthoterm namely salmon (22^oC), fish saumon (18^oC), crapaud bufo Boreas (27^oC), alligator (crocodile) (32-35^oC), iguana 38^°C), lezard anolois sp (30-33^°C), and the house fly larvae (30-37^oC).

Thermoregulation in aquatic ecthoterm

Temperatures in the aquatic environment is relatively stable so animals who live in it are not experiencing complicated problems of environmental temperature.
In the aquatic environment, the animals may not release body heat by evaporation

Termogulasi on terrestrial echtoterm

Thermoregulation on terrestrial ecthoterm contrast to the aquatic environment, terrestrial environment always changes temperature with considerable variation. Changes in temperature are very easy to feel, for example, by comparing the air temperature at noon and night, on the same day in a city, with large temperature differences terrestrial environment between day and night is quite meaningful way the most important thing done by animals ecthotermic terrestrial for heat is by absorbing heat / radiation. Pets can increase the absorption of solar heat by changing the color of the body surface and confronts her toward matahari.Vertebrata ecthoterm, such as lizards.

Animal endothermic

endothermic animals, animal body temperature is derived from the production of heat in the body, which is a byproduct of the metabolism of tissues.

Endothermic animals is a group of animals that can regulate the production of heat from the body to keep or raise his body temperature, because it has set up a high power. Endothermic animals have a tolerance range of the environment that is longer than animals ecthoterm so niche animal staple length of this type. It is influenced by the ability to regulate the production and release its heat.

The ability to regulate the production and release of heat through metabolism mechanism is due to endothermic animals have organs as the center of their regulators, namely the brain, especially the hypothalamus as a thermostat or central regulator of body temperature. Constant temperature to body endothermic animals are usually contained between 35-40 degrees Celsius. Because of its ability to regulate body temperature so it is always constant, then this group of animals called regulator. For example class aves and mammals, including humans. In other terms this group of animals is also known as homeoterm group. Endothermic animals are animals that can regulate their body temperature so it is always constant in the range of optimum temperature.

The constancy of the body temperature results in an endothermic animals were able to show constant performance. Power regulating body temperature it will cost (energy) is relatively high so that the input requirements of food for energy is relatively high. Dibandingksn with a comparable ecthoterm animal body size, even in the temperature range termonetral zone, an endothermic animals require much greater energy. Compared with animals ecthoterm which shows a low-cost strategy that sometimes give low profits, endothermic animals have a high cost strategy which gives higher returns.

Endothermic animals, under conditions of ambient temperature change, a constant body temperature. It is because these animals have a high ability to regulate their body temperature through changes in heat production (metabolic rate) in his own body (associated with endothermic properties).

Example: Aves (birds) and mammals.

Body Temperature

Body temperature is a balance between the heat from the acquisition (metabolism) or outside with heat loss. To deal with severe weather conditions (too cold or too hot) animals need to conserveenergyby means of hibernation or estivasi.

Body Temperature setting

Temperature setting body is a living creature mechanism to maintain the internal temperature to be within the range that can be tolerated. The process that occurs in animals to regulate their body temperature to remain constant dynamic. The mechanism of thermoregulation occurs by regulating the balance between heat recovery with heat release.

Regulation of body temperature (thermoregulation), regulation of body fluids and excretions are elements of homeostasis. In thermoregulation known their cold-blooded (cold-blood animals) and warm-blooded animals (warm-blood animals). However, biologists prefer the term ecthoterm and endothermic heat source associated with the main bodies of animals. Ecthoterm animal body heat is derived from the environment (heat absorbing environment). Ecthoterm animal's body temperature tends to fluctuate, depending on the ambient temperature. Animals in this group is a member of invertebrates, fish, amphibia, and reptiles. While endothermic animal body heat is derived from the metabolism. The animal's body temperature more constant. Endothermic common in groups of birds (Aves) and mammals.

In the regulation of body temperature, animals must regulate heat received or are lost to the environment. The mechanism changes the animal's body heat can occur with four processes, namely conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. Conduction is the animal's body heat changes due to contact with an object. Convection is heat transfer due to the movement of air or fluids through the body surface. Radiation can transfer heat between objects that are not in direct contact. For example, solar radiation. Evaporative heat loss from the surface of the liquid being transformed into gaseous form.

Animals have the ability to adapt to changing environmental temperature. For example, at cold temperatures, mammals and birds will increase the rate of metabolism of the hormonal changes involved in it, thus increasing heat production. In ecthoterm (eg honeybees), adaptation to cold temperatures by means of groups in the nest. The metabolism of bees as a group capable of generating heat in the nest.

Differences Animal endothermic and Ecthoterm

Ambient temperature

At very low temperatures, ecthoterm animals tend to follow the ambient temperature. This causes the metabolic rate to drop dramatically ecthoterm be endothermic while the animal is able to maintain its core temperature, metabolic rate was not too bothered by the drop in temperature during the decrease in temperature is still in the tolerance limit.

Higher temperatures affect respiration rate were characterized by oxygen consumption is also increasing, which means that the higher the temperature the higher the rate of oxygen consumption of an animal. The level of oxygen consumption indicates that animals require oxygen for metabolism that occur rapidly in tubuhnnya to produce more energy required by the animal.

Avaibilitas food (energy)

Pets endothermic use energy to regulate temperature. As a consequence if endothermic animals have enough energy reserves, it can endothermic animals maintain body temperature and metabolic rate, but if the energy reserves are limited, endothermic animals will have difficulty maintaining its core temperature. Further exacerbating the plight of animals ecthoterm So energy metabolism ecthoterm animals tend to be more efficient because the portion of the energy turns into heat energy very little.

Hypothalamic thermoregulatory control in mammals

Mammals have neurons in the hypothalamus that are sensitive to the temperature of the blood circulating. The hypothalamus also receives input from thermoreseptor throughout the body. The hypothalamus has a set point, which function like a thermostat.

If the temperature of the blood circulation to the hypothalamus is higher than the set point, then there will be a signal that initiates the cooling mechanism (vasodilation capillaries, sweating, rapid breathing, etc.), whereas when the blood temperature lower than the temperature set point, then the signal neural would initiate an increase in temperature with capillary vasoconstriction, shivering, fat thermogenesis, etc.).

In animals ecthoterm such mechanisms do not walk, so ecthoterm unable to regulate their own body temperature, and rely on ambient temperature. Some animals ecthoterm regulate their body temperature by means of the rising sun as the sun so as to increase the rate of metabolism for activities and avoid sun is hot during the day by perching.