NICHE

Niche (nische) was first proposed by Joseph Grinnell in 1917. According Grinner, niches are part of a habitat called microhabitat. With views like this, Grinnell said that every niche occupied by just one species. The views expressed by Grinnell niche is called the habitat niches. For example, if we say habitat niches of scorpions, then we will explain the scorpion microhabitat. Thus we must explain to the temperature and humidity how scorpion lives, whether he is resistant to light or not, whether he lives in the soil in the hole, or in a tree, and so forth.
After Grinnell, Charles Elton (1927) separately stated that the niche is a function or role of the species in the community. The purpose of this role is the function and position of a species in the community in relation to the events eat eating and patterns of interaction to another. This is called niche trophic. For example, if we declare recesses trophic of frogs as rice, then we have to explain that the frogs eat and be eaten by whom, whether he herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore, whether he is the competitor for other, etc.
In contrast to Elton, then Hutchinson (1958) stated that the niche is a range of various physical and chemical variables and the role of antibiotics that can allow a species survival and thrive in a community. This is called a multidimensional niches (hipervolume). Agrees with the understanding of this niche, then Kendeigh (1980) stated that the ecological niche is a special combination of physico chemical factors (microhabitat) with regard biotic (roles) needed by a species to live activities and continuous existence in the community. In other words, it can be stated that the multidimensional niches is a combination of habitat niches and recesses trophik. For example, if you declare a multidimensional niches of field mice, meaning we explain about their microhabitat and also explain about what they eat and who predatory, etc.
As the development of niche concepts earlier, then Odum (1971) explores the concept /recesses of human expressed as hipervolume very complex (n-hipervolume) who inhabited the abstract maximum when a species is not inhibited by other species. In addition, Odum (1971) states that the real niche is hipervolume smaller inhabited by a number of individuals who may still be under the influence / barriers of other species.
Niches(niche)indicates the functional role and position of an organism in an ecosystem. Niches ie the position or status of organisms in a community or ecosystem. Niche of an organism is determined by the place of life(habitat) and the various functions it has earned, so to say as a profession organisms in their habitat. The role of organisms reveal the function of organisms in their habitat. Various organisms can live together in one habitat. However, if two or more organisms having the same niche in a habitat, there will be competition. The greater the similarity recesses of organisms that live together in one habitat, the more intense competition.


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