Biodiversity Indices

Ecosystem is a higher level of organization of the community or a union of a community with its environment where there interrelationships. According to Susanto (2000) is a unit of ecosystem environment in which there are systematic functional relationships among living things and between the living and abiotic environmental components. Freshwater ecosystems is an ecosystem with its habitat is often flooded with fresh water rich in minerals with a pH of about 7, the water level conditions are not always fixed, sometimes up and down, even once can also dry out. To measure the levels of pollution of the waters can be done by measuring the abiotic factors or the presence of macrozoobenthos. The existence and abundance of macrozoobenthos in a body of water can be influenced by physical and chemical factors.
The amount of oxygen levels dissolved in a water then the water is a good habitat for biota living so high species diversity index value. The higher the index value diversity means more species that live in these waters. Diversity index (H ') illustrate the diversity, productivity, pressures on ecosystems, and ecosystem stability. The benchmark index of diversity presented in the benchmark index value diversity as follows, if H '<1, low diversity, poor, very low productivity as an indication of the pressure that heavy and unstable ecosystems; if 1 <H '<3.322, diversity being, productivity sufficiently, fairly balanced ecosystem conditions, ecological pressure medium and if H'> 3.322 high biodiversity, ecosystem stability steady, high productivity, resistant to ecological pressure (Odum, 1993).
The species diversity if all individuals are from different species and the diversity of species has the smallest value or equal to zero if all the individuals derived from one type. High diversity index values as well as a significant indicator that the water has not been contaminated because many organisms that can live in these waters.
Evenness index value can describe the stability of a community. Evenness index value (E) ranges from 0 - 1. The smaller the value E or close to 0, then the uneven spread of the organism in the stretcher community dominated by a certain type, and vice versa if the greater the value E or close to 1, then the organism in the community will be spread evenly (Krebs, 1985).
In addition to the diversity and evenness indicator macrozoobenthos also be seen in the wealth aspect of one particular benthic organisms in the same habitat. Purnama et al., (2011) explain that their wealth shows the place has a low species richness with uneven distribution, mean observed in the community found the dominant species.
Refrences:
Effendi, H. 2003.Assessing Water Quality ForEnvironment Resources Management Water Dayadan.Kanisius.Yogyakarta.
Hutabarat, S and Evans, M. 1985. Introduction toOceanography.VC Press. Jakarta.
Krebs, CJ 1985.  Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution andAbundance.Third Edition. New York: Harper and Row Publishers Inc.
Lee, CD et al. 1978. Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish as Biological Indicators of Water Quality, with Reference to Community Diversity Index. International Conference on Water Pollution Control in Developing Countries, Bangkok. Thailand.
Odum. 1971. Fundamentals ofEcology.Sounders. Toronto. P. 45.
Odum, EP (1993). Basics of Ecology (3th ed) (T. Samingan & B. Srigandono). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Perkins, EJ (1974). The Biologycal Of Estuaries and Coastal Waters.  New York: Academic Press.
PR Purnama, NW Nastiti, ME Agustin, and M. Affandi. (2011). Gastropod diversity in Sukamade River, Betiri Meru National Park, East Java. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science andTechnology.Airlangga University. Surabaya.
Susanto, P. 2000. Introduction Animal Ecology. Jakarta: Ministry of Education   

Komentar

  1. PRIDE OF INDONESIA12 Mei 2017 pukul 06.31

    sudah bagus dan sanagt membantu dalam pemahaman materi

    BalasHapus
  2. PelajarTIK IPAenam12 Mei 2017 pukul 21.44

    Wah nice info gan, sangat membantu dan bermanfaat bgt, terus semangat ya

    BalasHapus
  3. Unknown14 Mei 2017 pukul 18.53

    informasinya sudah lengkap, bisa ditambahkan dengan gambar

    BalasHapus
  4. Unknown16 Mei 2017 pukul 17.25

    judulnya diperbaiki ya.. tambah diagram atau gambar supaya lebih menginformasikan kepada pembaca

    BalasHapus
  5. Yulista Trias18 Mei 2017 pukul 12.22

    nice information, maybe you can give more example..

    BalasHapus

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